Conductive pastes for the main grid, designed for high-efficiency crystalline silicon HJT solar cells and IBC cell string welding, exhibit excellent conductivity, low contact resistance, and a welding tensile strength exceeding 1.5 N/mm after curing.

Conductive pastes for the sub-grid in high-efficiency crystalline silicon HJT solar cells possess outstanding printing characteristics and low resistivity. They can establish good ohmic contact with TCO film layers, resulting in lower contact resistance.